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PHONETIC SCRIPT

Minimal pairs - INDEX


Vowel Sounds | Consonant Sounds----------


Click on "Compare" for word list to practise any pair of English phonemes listed below:

Vowel Sounds------------place & manner of articulation EXPLAINED!


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unrounded centralized half-close------ unrounded front close [long]

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unrounded centralized half-close------unrounded front betw. half-open & half-close

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unrounded front betw. half-open & half-close ------unrounded front betw. open & half-open

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unrounded front betw. half-open & half-close ------unrounded centre of tongue just above open

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unrounded front betw. half-open & half-close ------unrounded central [long]

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unrounded front betw. half-open & half-close ------Closing diphthong, starts front betw. half-open & half-close, moves upwards & slightly backwards

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unrounded front betw. open & half-open------unrounded centre of tongue just above open

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unrounded front betw. open & half-open------unrounded tongue betw. centre & back open [long]

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rounded back open -------------------rounded back betw. half-open & half-close [long]

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unrounded centre of tongue just above open---------------unrounded central [long]

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rounded centralized half-close-------------closely rounded back just below close [long]

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unrounded central betw. half-open & half-close------

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unrounded back open [long]------rounded back open

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unrounded tongue betw. centre & back open [long] ------rounded back betw. half-open & half-close [long]

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rounded back betw. half-open & half-close [long]------rounded central [long]

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rounded back betw. half-open & half-close [long]------Closing diphthong, starts betw. half-open & half-close, moves upwards & back

---------------------------DIPHTHONGS EXPLAINED and LISTS OF WORDS with common diphthongs for practice / reading aloud:
---------------------------/eɪ/ | /aɪ/ | /ɔɪ/ = Front Closing - the front of tongue moves upwards within (or towards in the case of /ɔɪ/) the front of the mouth.
--------------------------- /ɪə/ | /eə/ | /ʊə/ = Centring - the tongue starting from different positions in each case moves to the neutral position at the centre of the mouth.
---------------------------/əʊ/ | /aʊ/ = Back Closing - the back of the tongue moves upwards (a long way upwards in the case of /aʊ/) towards the "centre to back" of the mouth.


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Closing diphthong, starts front betw. half-open & half-close, moves upwards & slightly backwards------Closing diphthong, starts front betw. open & half-open, moves upwards towards /ɪ/

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Closing diphthong starts betw. open & half-open moves upwards & forwards

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Centring diphthong starts betw. half-close & close moves backwards & downwards-------------Centring diphthong, starts front betw. half-open & half-close, moves backwards

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Centring diphthong starts betw. half-close & close moves backwards & downwards-------------Centring diphthong, starts just above half-close betw. centre & back

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Centring diphthong, starts front betw. half-open & half-close, moves backwards-------------Centring diphthong, starts just above half-close betw. centre & back

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Closing diphthong, starts betw. half-open & half-close, moves upwards & back-------------rounded back open

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Closing diphthong, starts betw. half-open & half-close, moves upwards & back-------------Closing diphthong, starts open betw. front & centre, moves up & slightly back

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Closing diphthong, starts open betw. front & centre, moves up & slightly back-------------Triphthong, starts open betw. front & centre, moves up & slightly back, then slightly down to centralized vowel

Consonant Sounds---------------Practise consonant clusters

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voiceless bilabial plosive------ voiced bilabial plosive

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voiceless alveolar plosive------ voiced alveolar plosive

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voiceless velar plosive------ voiced velar plosive

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voiceless labio-dental fricative------ voiced labio-dental fricative

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voiceless dental fricative------ voiced dental fricative

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voiceless dental fricative------ voiceless alveolar plosive

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voiceless dental fricative------ voiced alveolar plosive

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voiceless dental fricative------ voiceless alveolar fricative

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voiced dental fricative------ voiceless alveolar fricative

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voiced dental fricative------ voiced alveolar fricative

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voiceless alveolar fricative------ voiced alveolar fricative

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voiced alveolar nasal------ voiced velar nasal

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voiced velar nasal------ (voiced) velar nasal followed by voiceless velar plosive

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voiced alveolar lateral continuant------ voiced post-alveolar frictionless continuant

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labio-velar semi-vowel------ voiced labio-dental fricative

------Compare------ SILENT "H"

voiceless glottal fricative

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voiceless palato-alveolar fricative------ voiceless palato-alveolar affricate

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voiceless palato-alveolar fricative------ voiced palato-alveolar affricate

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voiceless palato-alveolar affricate ------voiceless alveolar plosive

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voiceless palato-alveolar affricate ------voiced palato-alveolar affricate

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voiced palato-alveolar affricate ------palatal unrounded semi-vowel

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