| FIX PROBLEM | ENGLISH SOUND | - | COMMON ERROR | - | PRACTICE MATERIALS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relax the mouth and keep sound short. | /ɪ/ | "sit" | /i:/ | "seat" | Minimal Pairs /ɪ/ or / i: / practice |
| Move tongue to a lower front position. | /æ/ | "man" | /e/ | "men" | Minimal Pairs /e/ or /æ/ practice |
| Tongue more central. Lips relaxed. | /ʌ/ | "cup" | /æ/ | "cap" | Minimal Pairs /æ/ or /ʌ/ practice |
| Mouth not so large. Lips relaxed. | /ʌ/ | "cut" | /ɑ:/ | "cart" | |
| Tongue low central. Lips relaxed. | /ʌ/ | "bud" | /ɜ/ | "bird" | Minimal Pairs /ʌ/ or /ɜ:/ practice |
| Back of tongue high. Lips rounded but relaxed. Short. | /ʊ/ | "full" | /u:/ | "fool" | Minimal Pairs /ʊ/ or / u: / practice |
| Tongue low & back. Jaws together. Long. | /ɔ:/ | "nought" | /ɒ/ | "not" | Minimal Pairs /ɒ/ or /ɔ:/ practice |
| Increase mouth opening. Drop front of tongue. | /ɔ:/ | "call" | /u:/ | "cool" | "Pronunciation Tasks" Unit 5 |
| Move tongue back and make mouth rounder. | /ɔ:/ | "saw" | /ɜ:/ | "Sir" | Minimal Pairs /ɔ/ or /ɜ:/ practice |
| Tongue low, back & fixed. Jaws together. | /ɔ:/ | "bought" | /əʊ/ | "boat" | Minimal Pairs /ɔ:/ or /əʊ/ practice |
| Tongue high and front. Move to centre. | /ɪə/ | "beer" | /i:/ | "be" | |
| Voiceless. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /θ/ | "thin" | /t/ | "tin" | Minimal Pairs /θ/ or /t/ practice |
| Voiced. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /ð/ | "they" | /d/ | "day" | Minimal Pairs /ð/ or /d/ practice |
| Quickly push air from throat out of mouth. | /h/ | "hot" | "ch" in "loch" | Minimal Pairs /h/ or silent "h" practice |
|
| Back of tongue to back roof. Nasal. | /ŋk/ | "think" | /ŋ/ | "thing" | Minimal Pairs /ŋ/ or /ŋk/ practice |
| British "r" is weaker & usually silent unless followed by a vowel. | silent | "survivor" | /r/ | "Sir Ivor" | |
| Start with lips tightly rounded. Unround & glide. | /w/ | "west" | /v/ | "vest" | Minimal Pairs /w/ or /v/ practice |
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