| FIX PROBLEM | ENGLISH SOUND | - | COMMON ERROR | - | PRACTICE MATERIALS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Relax the mouth and keep sound short. | /ɪ/ | "sit" | /i:/ | "seat" | Minimal Pairs /ɪ/ or / i: / practice |
| Tongue more central. Lips relaxed. | /ʌ/ | "cut" | /ɑ:/ | "cart" | |
| Keep mouth round (but lax) and tongue back. | /ɒ/ | "not" | Minimal Pairs /ɒ/ or /ɔ:/ practice Minimal Pairs /ɑ:/ or /ɒ/ practice |
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| Weak endings: e.g. "London" "England" | /ə/ | "the" (schwa) | Practise the neutral vowel /ə/ using spoken dialogues |
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| Fix tongue in central position. Long. | /ɜ:/ | "bird" | /ɔ:/ | "bored" | Minimal Pairs /ɔ:/ or /ɜ:/ practice |
| Voiced. Use less air. | /b/ | "bit" | /p/ | "pit" | |
| Voiced. Friction with top teeth & bottom lip. | /v/ | "van" | /b/ | "ban" | |
| Voiced. Use less air. | /g/ | "gone" | /k/ | "con" | |
| Voiceless: tip of tongue behind top teeth. More friction & air. | /s/ | "sin" | Minimal Pairs /s/ or /z/ practice Minimal Pairs /θ/ or /s/ practice |
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| Voiceless. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /θ/ | "thin" | /t/ | "tin" | Minimal Pairs /θ/ or /t/ practice |
| Voiced. Friction. Tongue between teeth. | /ð/ | "they" | /d/ | "day" | Minimal Pairs /ð/ or /d/ practice |
| Voiced: tip of tongue behind top teeth. Friction. | /z/ | "seas" | /s/ or /ʤ/ | "cease or siege" | Minimal Pairs /s/ or /z/ practice |
| Voiced: Front of tongue to palate. Friction. | /ʒ/ | "confusion" | /ʃ/ | "Confucian" | |
| Back of tongue to back roof. Nasal. | /ŋk/ | "think" | /ŋ/ | "thing" | Minimal Pairs /ŋ/ or /ŋk/ practice |
| Voiced: Tip to alveolar. Front to palate. | /ʤ/ | "gin" | /ʧ/ | "chin" |
External Links:
Finnish pronunciations of English
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